The Zodiac contains many elements. The Signs, Nakshatras and Planets are the basic elements which impart the zodiac. Of the twelve Signs, each has specific characteristics. The Sign itself is divided into many and each divisions is for some special purpose. The Main important divisions are six but there are sixteen divisions for detailed predictions.
The Indian system of astrology adopts twenty seven Nakshatras (or constellations) for predictive purpose. Each Constellation is divided into four parts. Like Signs each constellation is associated with many elements and Planets ruling them. Also the Planets are associated with some attributes. To simplify it
The Sun is associated with Father, body, soul, pride, egoism, honor, loyalty and vitality.
Moon with Mother, mind, sentiment and sensitiveness.
Mercury with education, intelligence quickness and communication
Venus with Marriage (Men) sensual pleasures, fine arts, affection, sociability artistic tastes charm.
Mars with brothers and sisters, lands, courage virility impulsiveness, aggressiveness, fight and initiation.
Jupiter with Higher education, like the Vedas, astrology, religious quality in men, generosity, nobility optimism.
Saturn with restrictions, cautions, self-restraint pessimism and steadfastness.